CHESTNUT ESL/EFL

1940. U.K. A boy sits amid the ruins of a London bookshop following an air raid on October 8, 1940, reading a book titled “The History of London.” AP photo. In the summer and autumn of 1940, Germany’s Luftwaffe now faced the RAF on their home turf. The Luftwaffe conducted thousands of bombing raids, attacking military and civilian targets across the United Kingdom. Hitler’s forces, in an attempt to achieve air superiority, were preparing the way for an invasion of Britain, code-named Operation Sea Lion.